No lines between disciplines

bubbles by woodleywonderworks
Science Without Boundaries:
[Via AAAS News - RSS Feed]

AAAS Southwestern Meeting in Tulsa Explores Science Without Boundaries

The 2009 AAAS Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division Annual Meeting will convene in Tulsa, Oklahoma., on 28 March for four days of events including a two-part special topic symposium on the climate and ecology of the Cross Timbers and South Great Plains.

The meeting—to be held on the campus of the University of Tulsa—will feature symposia on rainforest natural history, motor speech disorders, and alternative energies; along with student poster sessions and science communication workshops.

David Nash, executive director of the division, said this year’s meeting will emphasize the importance for science to transcend traditional boundaries.

“The largest problems facing society are so large and burdensome that no one scientific discipline, institution, or research method can find solutions,” said Nash. “This year’s meeting is going to show why scientific collaboration is vital to the scientific process.”

[More]

More meetings should be on exactly this same topic. Well, maybe not the same topic but the same underlying premise. Innovative research, and the underlying solutions that drive technology, can not be done anymore in silos of scientific disciplines.

The answers will be less and less likely to arise from a Department of Biochemistry or Oncology alone. It will take work across disciplines to find the answers.

It will require systems thinking and synthesis of information. Not reductionist approaches and analytical deconstruction.

The faster that organizations realize this and actually to something positive about it, the faster we will solve these problems. AAAS has recognized this as have several other organizations. Now if we can just change the ship of grants that is the NIH and then redo how research universities are put together we may get somewhere.

Baby Steps.
[Crossposted at Path to Sustainable and SpreadingScience]

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An important act

Stem Cell Act: “An Historic Moment”:
[Via AAAS News - RSS Feed]

AAAS to U.S. President: “Thank You” for Supporting Stem Cell Research and Scientific Integrity

“It was historic and thrilling,” AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner said from the White House, after watching U.S. President Barack Obama approve increased support for stem cell research.

[More]


It is nice to see decisions based on science and not purely on rhetoric. With US innovativeness going full bore at these sorts of problems, we might have some real breakthroughs soon.

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Fish food for thought

Teenage boys who eat fish at least once a week achieve higher intelligence scores:
[Via EurekAlert! - Biology]

(Wiley-Blackwell) Male teenagers who ate fish at least once a week at the age of 15 showed a 6 percent increase in intelligence scores at 18 and those who ate it more than once a week showed an 11 percent increase.

[More]

I guess the Catholics knew what they were doing. I would have been much happier eating fish every Friday if I had known it was allowing me to score higher on the tests.

Kidding aside, it will be interesting what the cause is and whether teenage girls show similar effects.

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Horse History

Science for Kids: The World’s First Horse Farm:
[Via AAAS News - RSS Feed]

The World’s First Horse Farm

The domestication, or taming, of wild horses was an important accomplishment for the human race. In fact, it altered the course of human history. Taming wild horses have changed the ways we travel, the ways we communicate, and even the ways we fight wars with each other. But, until now, researchers have never been able to identify events in human history that tell us when (or where) humans first made this breakthrough.

[More]

This is just not for kids. The domestication of the horse was one of the huge thrusts forward for human culture. It permitted us to travel further and faster than ever before. It allowed cultures who had them to dominate those that did not. It changed the mode of war.

I’ll look forward to the paper.

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Idea Club March 23

river by ktylerconk

Remember the
next Idea Club is in a short time. We will focus how to convert knowledge into action and on how sustainable communities may be created. You can RSVP by clicking the orange Sign Up! at the top of the page.

Idea club has been getting more popular each month. I expect that this will be a very wide ranging discussion since the tops are somewhat intangible. What type of knowledge are we talking about? What sorts of actions are best? What does sustainable really mean?

It will be fun. To get some idea of what a sustainable community might be like, read up on the Earth Charter and the Earth Charter Initiative.

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Why government spending is the only choice left

Return of depression economics:
[Via Paul Krugman]

I was alerted to this Media Matters post, revealing that people still don’t get why the current slump is different from the early 1980s, and why fiscal policy is necessary this time. Yes, I know, it’s Joe Scarborough; but still …
[More]

Krugman provides a wonderful graph showing just why this is not like any other recession since the 30s. The problem now, as it was only back in the Depression, is that interest rates are about zero.

interest rate

Normally, monetary policy could be used and the Fed could lower interest rates to allow the economy to pick up from the money that is loosened up. That is what has happened in other recessions and it usually works just fine to inject a trillion dollars or so into the economy.

But there is no where for the Fed to go now. It has hit the bottom so it can not really influence the economy with monetary policies. Just as in the Depression, the only other place for an injection of funds has to come from fiscal policy by the government.

Without an injection of money into the system, the economy will remain frozen for some time. Japan was in a similar boat in the 90s and failed to get capital moving with fiscal policy. They spent over a decade in a slump. This slump is now global. We can not afford that. long a slump.

To do nothing will not rapidly solve the problem. Monetary policy will not work. All that is left is fiscal policy. The last time this was the only choice, Roosevelt took it and got the economy back on track.

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Some rules

Dave Snowden’s 7 Principles of Knowledge Management:
[Via Gurteen Knowledge-Log]
By David Gurteen

Dave Snowden has recently expanded his 3 Rules of Knowledge Management to 7 Principles of Knowledge Management

  • Knowledge can only be volunteered, it cannot be conscripted.
  • We only know what we know when we need to know it.
  • In the context of real need few people will withhold their knowledge.
  • Everything is fragmented.
  • Tolerated failure imprints learning better than success.
  • The way we know things is not the way we report we know things.
  • We always know more than we can say, and we always say more than we can write down.

He has explained each one of them in more detail in his original posting on rendering knowledge.
Great stuff! But the key one for me is:

Everything is fragmented. We evolved to handle unstructured fragmented fine granularity information objects, not highly structured documents. People will spend hours on the internet, or in casual conversation without any incentive or pressure. However creating and using structured documents requires considerably more effort and time. Our brains evolved to handle fragmented patterns not information.
Credit: Dave Snowden.

The real world is complex, fragmented and inherently messy and that is not necessarily a bad thing! As Dave says, we have evolved to handle that. Documents? A document is where knowledge goes to die. I think Bill French said this originally in the form email is where knowledge goes to die.


While fragmentation may be a necessary part of analysis, the web helps synthesis occur. The pulling together of facts and data into a whole requires a systems approach to gaining knowledge. ANd this is the path to wisdom.

The other 6 rules are all of a part for moving information around in a more efficient manner, permitting the fragmented data to be more readily pulled together. Finding patterns is eay. Understanding patterns is harder.

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Just something to remember, if you are an expert

expert by A tea but no e
Experts remember more details than non-experts:
[Via elearningpost]

The Cognitive Daily has a nice test that shows the experts do not really remember more stuff than non-experts; they just remember more details.

Nice test and interesting article. Experts are better than the average person, when it is in their area of expertise.

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Another big lie

Misstatements and distortions are a constant tool of deniers of fact. The use of this undermines any sort of argument they wish to make. Their inability to examine the actual documents so they can see if they actually say what has been claimed always seems to crop up.

You can go to the earmarks site of the OMB and search for earmarks in the latest appropriations bill. Taxpayers for Common Sense has an excel spreadsheet with all the earmarks. You can look to see who are the biggest earmarkers – clue, mostly from Red States.

The stimulus bill is online also. You can read the exact enrolled bill that President Obama signed.

Then check out this article, Congressman lies about Las Vegas railroad. There is a video to watch there.

And this video is very fun to watch.

more about "The Red Lie Express", posted with vodpod

No where in either bill have I found anything about building a rail system from Disneyland to Las Vegas. It is not there. To claim that the rail line is going from Disneyland to a Whore House is just idiotic. Franks lied in the same way that deniers of evolution and climate change do. Misstatements. Distortions. Grotesque parsing of words beyond common sense. Changing word usages. The use of nonspecific “They said…”

All tools of people who do not really want any factual information to be heard.

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Fish, farms or people

Future of dams could pit farms against fish:
[Via mcclatchydc.com: Homepage]

The Merced River begins its journey high in the Sierra before rushing down the foothills and crossing the Valley to finally empty into the San Joaquin River. Most of this scenic river’s 122-mile-route runs below two of Merced Irrigation District’s dams — the McSwain and New Exchequer. The very life of the river depends on how much water these dams release and when.

[More]

These sorts of stories will continue to appear more and more as water usage becomes an even bigger part of the picture. Between the fish, farming and people, there may not be nearly enough water. In fact, there may not be enough water for even two of the three.

With the terrible droughts, not only in California but in Texas, even food may have to be gownsized to provide water. Perhaps with a weakening La Nina, more water will be brought by the next El Nino.

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Sharing medical knowledge

When knowledge cannot be shared:
[Via business|bytes|genes|molecules]

I just came back from an executive event where I heard a very interesting talk from the CIO of one of the more successful healthcare systems in the US. I am not sure I can talk about specifics, but that’s not the important part. He said a lot of interesting things in his talk, but one in particular made me both laugh and cringe. Laugh cause it’s something so familiar, and cringe, because it is a problem that should not exist.

Based on recommendations from JAMA they developed an IT framework which monitored a particular condition in their ICU’s, which they had not done in the past (a particular indicator needed to be maintained within a fairly narrow window). By developing some pretty neat protocols, they were able to both decrease costs improve outcomes. Now they wanted to share their processes and protocol, their knowledge as it were, with other healthcare systems. Unfortunately there is no way for them to do that. All systems are different, and there are no good interchange standards. An innovative deployment, which would reduce costs and improve patient outcomes is once again locked up.

Some day we might actually figure this out.

Image via Knilram under a Creative Commons license


There are things like this
that make you want to scream. A simple checklist saves 1500 lives and $200 million. But its use was curtailed for a time because of supposed ethic issues. This prohibition was rescinded although the letter is not a model of clarity.

Research involving humans can be a real tough path to follow. Even defining it is problematic.

But the doctor who came up with the idea got a MacArthur Fellowship due to his work. And the use of checklists is becoming even more a part of acceptable medical procedures. Major complications dropped over 33% and deaths dropped by 40%. Maybe this is why pilots of airplanes or astronauts all use checklists.

Perhaps things are changing in medicine. Maybe it will not be quite so hard to implement changes such as these throughout a hospital system. One can hope.

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Social and cultural reasons

math by Silenceofnight
Lack of ability does not explain women’s decisions to opt out of math-intensive science careers:
[Via Eureka! Science News - Popular science news]

Women don’t choose careers in math-intensive fields, such as computer science, physics, technology, engineering, chemistry, and higher mathematics, because they want the flexibility to raise children, or because they prefer other fields of science that are less math-intensive–not because they lack mathematical ability, according to a new study.

[More]

This study indicates that math abilities are a very small part of the dearth of women in these scientific areas. An academic researcher is often expected to devote such large amounts of time to their endeavors that raising children is out of the question, unless they are male and have a wife to do it. Females trying to raise children are not given enough support to do both, so they often opt for more flexible arrangements.

Great for the children but often not the best for a leadership role in some of these sciences. What is interesting is that if women were represented purely on their math abilities, then 33% of the leadership roles should be female. This is over twice what the actual rate is.

Cultural reasons are the main drivers for the lack of women in these fields. Overt sexism is not as major a problem as it was but the cultural expectations in certain fields does put different pressures on the different sexes.

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Drinking from a sequence firehose

Individuals in the mollusk species Donax varia...Image via Wikipedia

Pierre asks How !#@$* do you manage 1000 genomes ??!. Perhaps we should be asking how we are going to manage 10,000 genomes, or 100,000 and all the variants, and links between genotype and phenotype. This is going to get harder before it gets easier, and moving that data around will become very very difficult.

It took 25 years to get about 10^12 bases (a terabase) in the sequence databases. One lab can easily do that now in 6 months. What happens if some of these technologies come online that can sequence a human genome (3 billion bases) in 3 minutes?

Storage is one thing but then having the software to manipulate the data, the visualization approaches to allow examination of large aggregated datasets, and the openness to allow useful mashups of datasets will be required.

UPDATE: Here is a nice graph of the accumulation rate of DNA sequences in GenBank. The doubling has been faster than Moore’s law.

genbank

The Blue line is the raw number of sequences in every update of Genbank from 1982 to 2007. The Black line is the trend and the red line is a terabase (10^12 bases)

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For anyone who might like to know what scientists say rather than conservative pundits

barrier reef Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE
The Post ombudsman whitewashes George Will’s columns, the editors, and his own role:
[Via Climate Progress]

Please email and phone Andrew Alexander at 202-334-7582 or at ombudsman@washpost.com.
The Washington Post ombudsman is the paper’s “internal critic and represents readers.” Yet Andrew Alexander has basically decided to take on the role of defender of Will and the Post and his own mistakes. He has seriously undermined both his credibility and his independence, while at the same time making himself part of the story -; serious mistakes for an ombudsman.
You can read Alexander’s column here. You can read a good line by line response by Siegal here.
I have three main issues. First, for Alexander, the entire controversy is about “the reference to the Arctic Climate Research Center.” In short, he got suckered by Will’s second column in which Will now infamously made his most egregious lie and the Post editors let him get away with it:

The [February 15] column contained many factual assertions but only one has been challenged. The challenge is mistaken.

As readers know, the first column contained multiple falsehoods that were challenged point by point here, elsewhere, and even in a joint letter to the Post from several leading environmentalists.
And the second column was egregiously allowed to reassert that all of those other falsehoods were “factual assertions,” plus make some new falsehoods, as I detailed at length here: In a blunder reminiscent of Janet Cooke scandal, the Washington Post lets George Will reassert all his climate falsehoods plus some new ones.
[This is not to let Will off for his abuse of the Arctic ice source, which Alexander entirely missed the point on. See, for instance, the NYT- Revkin here and below.]

[more]

Joe debunks, or links to debunkings, of all the really atrocious stuff written by Will in his last 2 columns. Perhaps it will reach some of the minds that are still receptive.

George Will continues to misrepresent that data, in ways that he has done consistently for the last 25 years. It is a shame that his editors back him up with the same sorts of misleading statements. With misleading writing like this it is no wonder so few people actually have any understanding of what is going on.

And that is their purpose. Just like the tobacco companies spent 50 years trying to sow confusion about the dangers of cigarette smoking, we continue to have a small group of ideologues and corporations who are muddying the waters. They do not want the populace to understand.

Science deniers, whether it is climate change and evolution on the right, or anti-vaccinationists on the left, use such similar tactics as to be writing from the same books. Quote mining, total misrepresentation of the data, and cherry-picking are seen in all these attempts at science denial. Conspiracies of scientists are also a part of the tactics. Appeal to authority, often combined with quote mining, is a particularly favorite tactic, especially if the person that is misquoted actually said the exact opposite. They also continue to spew the same arguments that have been shown to be incorrect before.

Being a biologist, I have dealt with these tactics with respect to evolution. Now you can see the same sorts of things with respect to climate change.

Often these denialists think that if they can simply find one thing ‘wrong’ that negates the entire body of work.

The climate change denialists said 10 years ago “There is no proof of global warming.” Now that they can no longer deny that climate change is occurring (although there are still some trying) it is now all a natural process, without any human aspect.

Look, if these guys had actually ever been right, maybe they would be worth listening to. Maybe if they actually produced a body of work explaining how every lab generating data has been doing it wrong, they would be worth listening to.

Anthropogenic Global Warming is the best theory we have for ALL the data. If you want to overthrow that theory, come up with something that beats that it by explaining the data we have in a more robust fashion.

But there is no real evidence that will ever convince the ideologues and corporations of denial that the large number of experts working in a wide variety of fields using a tremendous number of unique technologies are actually right.

So our job is to ignore them when we can and come down hard on them when they are up to their tricks.

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Nice job is you can get it

 Gistemp 2008 Fig1GISS Surface Temperature analysis

Ice, Ice Baby: When Fact-Checking Is Not Fact-Checking:
[Via Discover Magazine | RSS]

For the past couple weeks, I’ve been blogging about the problems …

[More]

Carl Zimmer discusses some of the continuing misrepresentations of both George Will and his editorial supervisors. It sure must be a great job where you can be almost 100% misleading on some facts, or just plain wrong on others, and then be allowed to do it all over again, with no fear of being canned.

On every job I ever worked at, if I had continually misrepresented the data as often as Will has I would have been fired. Liars are not often tolerated in science.

Not so for people in journalism, apparently.

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